R Notebook

library(tidyverse)

## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2   3.5.1     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(ggrepel)
library(ggsci)

Data from Pickering, S. D., & Tanaka, S. (2025). A taste for deprivation? Fish, chips and leaving the European Union. Geoforum, 104236, available here.

dat <- read.csv("fish_chips_brexit.csv")
head(dat)

dat_to_label <- dat |>
  filter((FishandChipShopsandRestaurantsPercent > 15 & brexitPercent < 30) |
           FishandChipShopsandRestaurantsPercent == max(FishandChipShopsandRestaurantsPercent)
  )

dat |>
  ggplot() +
  aes(
    x = FishandChipShopsandRestaurantsPercent,
    y = brexitPercent,
    colour = country,
    group = country
  ) +
  geom_point(size = .7) +
  labs(
    x = "Percentage of fish and chip shops",
    y = "Percentage of people voting Leave",
    colour = "Country",
    title = "Fish and chips and Brexit",
    caption = "Reanalysis of constituency-level data compiled by Pickering and Tanaka (2025)"
  ) +
  geom_text_repel(
    data = dat_to_label,
    aes(label = cName),
    size = 3.5,
    box.padding = unit(1, "lines"),
    point.padding = unit(.4, "lines"),
    show.legend = F,
    min.segment.length = 0,
    arrow = arrow(length = unit(0.015, "npc"))
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    se = FALSE,
    span = 1,
    method = "loess",
    formula = y ~ x
  ) +
  theme_grey() +
  scale_color_npg()